Are all the required materials available on the site? Have the materials been inspected for damage or flaws that might cause injury during installation? Has a thorough review for potential underground obstructions such as existing utilities, energized electrical cables and process lines been performed prior to authorizing the work to proceed? Is the proposed work site free of potential fire hazards?
Is the housekeeping adequate? Are trenches or excavations adequately sloped or shored? Is a special shoring design required due to the depth or location of the excavation or trench? Have required rigging plans been prepared and approved? Have the requirements of the approved rigging plan been reviewed with the craft who will perform the work?
Is the scaffolding required to perform the work properly erected? Is a special scaffold design required to access the work location?
Post a Comment. Just enter your email address:. The following specific types of questions might be asked by the Field Engineer to ensure the work can be done safely:. Botermans, Rutger. P55S65 I Introduction Dimensions from frame center line to lrigrrre Typical section through a closed-air circulation, air- rylinder nozzles vary with compression forces. Note: cas mounted air-to-air heat exchanger is used. The extemal engine may take aY fotm.
While pass 1 is Systems, Inc. Intertank spacing between smaller and larger tanks. The photos are of a tank farm and a Figure Vertical heater with radiant convection section spherical LPG storage tank. Fixed and floating roof tanks are Systems, Inc. After tubes become headed, steam is iniected at the convection inlets, igure Section horizontal through column courtesy of Red valves 1, 2, 4, and 5 are closed; 3 is open. For reverse floW valves 2, ::i, 4, lrigrr lc 7 i3 View of column.
The photos show tanks and spheres all l a arc closed; 1 and 5 are open. Note: It is obvious ftom these examDles that a complex piping arrangement can be broken into a combination of simple arrangements. He covers many important topics in exhaustive detail, lforn codes and standards to piping components to design practices ,t r l processes to mechanical equipment to piping materials.
Volume ]c addresses the fundamentals of each topic exhaustive detail, cre- ,r ling a very strong foundation to build upon. Armed with the funda- rrt'rrtals, we are ready to move on to the next level. Ilutger and Peter focus on the practice of piping design, not the lools. The best practices incorporate the many r onsiclerations required to arive at a suitable plant layout.
Rutger Botermans and Peter Smith perform a valuable service to the piping design profession through their com- prehensive, professional, and pragmatic guide to piping design. Preface B. Cleveland Jr. Vice President Senior Bentley Systems, Incorporated ln Volume 1, The Fundamentals of Piping Design, the objective was l arm the reader with the basic "rules" for the design, fabrication, irrstallation, and testing of process and utility piping systems for oil ,rrrtl gas refineries, chemical complexes, and production facilities at lroth offshore and onshore locations.
During this particularly busy lx. Both gen- llr. I look forward to the opportunity to work with them again. Volume 2 is not intended to be the finale on the subiect of piping Basic Plant Layout design; and because of the nature of the subject, a practitioner never stops learning about the many facets of design, fabiication, erecuon, inspection, and the testing of piping systems. A process facility is made up of numerous items of equipment, which are used to efficiently change the characteristics of the process flow and change the feedstock initially introduced into the iacility.
The result is a final product that can be dispatched for distributlon to an end user for consumption or further refining. The following are significant items of equipment that are ject of piping systems who are interesting in expanding their set of rliscussed in more detail in this book: technical skills to the next level. This volume covers the various maior types of equipment that. Pumps for the transportation of liquids. Compressors for the transportation of compressible fluids.
Exchangers for the transfer exchange of heat from a heating Pumps, to move process liquids. Compressors, to move process gases. Fired heaters. Heat exchangers, to transfer heat from one product to another.
Fired heaters, for direct heating of a product. Tanks for the storage of compressible and noncompressible Tanks, to store process and utility fluids. Columns towers, for distillation of products. Pipe racks and pipe ways for the routing of process and utility Relief systems, to protect the piping system from over pipework between equipment. Pipe racks and tracks, to route and support the piping systems. As the layout is developed, compromises often and research the subiect in the future, because the subject is so diverse rlllst l c macle, and the preference generally is the safer option.
Even with this common goal operators have subtle differ- l'lant layout requires input from the following discipline engineers; ences in the way they have thet facilities designed; therefore, the word generally is used liberally in these pages.
Generally means that it. HSE health, safety, and environment. Listed next are the considerations that have to be reviewed when positioning the equipment during the development of the plant. They have not been listed in an order of priority; however,. Mechanical rotating and vessels. Civil and structural. Safety: fire, explosion, spillage, escape routes for personnel, and access for firefighters.
Process flow requirements that result in an efficient plant. As mentioned previously, no two operating companies have exactly. Available plot area, geographical limitations. They are not necessarily mandatory and could be. Security: control of access by unauthorized personnel. Meteorological information: climate, prevailing and , rl 'rator's experience.
Seismic data. Locate pumps close to the equipment from which they take Equipment should be laid out in a logical sequence to suit the suction.
This is an important consideration. Fluid flow requirements for example, gravity flow sys- tems, pump suction heads, and thermosyphonic systems often dic-. Consideration should be made to locate pumps under tate relative elevations and necessitate the need for structures to structures or with their motor ends under a pipe rack, achieve the different elevations. Limitations of pressure or tempera- allowing an access aisle for mobile handling equipment.
Pump suction lines generally are larger than discharge lines, sors, furnaces, reactors, exchangers, and the like. F,nd suction with top discharge is the preferable option for slloLrlcl be made to minimize the disturbance to piping when disman- pumps, when taking suction directly from tanks or vessels llilrll or rcmoving equipment for example, without removing block locatcd at grade. I'unll s should be arranged in rows with the center line of irntl rr irr llr. Where a rear shell cover is provided with a davit, allow.
It is important to locate reciprocating compressors, anchors, clearance for the full swing of the head. Set overhead vapor and restraints for pipes belonging to the compressor system exchangers ot condensers at such elevation that the on foundations that are independent of any building, exchanger is self-draining.
This independence gives the. Arrange outlets to a liquid hold pot or trap, so that the associated piping stability and minimizes unnecessary fatigue underside of the exchanger tubes is above the liquid level in and possible failure.
Spacing between compressors and other equipment varies. Arrange exchangers so that the fixed end is at the channel with the type of machine and its duty. Particular attention must be paid to withdrawal of engine and. Vertical exchangers should be set td allow lifting or lowering compressor pistons, cam shaft, crank shaft, and lube oil cooler of the tube bundle.
Consult the Vessel Department as to the feasibility of possible obstruction from piping supports. Compressors generally are provided a degree of shelter, that is,. Space should be left free for tube or bundle withdrawal, with a sheets building. Keep the sides up to 8 feet above grade and the exchanger channels preferably pointing toward an access open and vent the ridge to allow for escape of flammable gas, area or road.
If an exchanger is situated well within the plot, leave a free. Certain types of compressors, owing to the height of the mass area and approach for mobile lifting equipment. Air fin exchangers, preferably, should be located in a separate grid construction to avoid trapping any gas and for operation row outside the main equipment row, remote from the central and maintenance, pipe way. Consider locating air fin exchangers over the central pipe way 1.
Tubular exchangers usually have standard length tubes of 2. Whenever possible locate exchangers at grade to facilitate. Fired heaters should be located at least 15 m away from other maintenance and tube withdrawal. Two or more shells forming one unit can be stacked or leakage. To avoid accumulation of flammable liquids, no pits or specification sheet, which is delineated by the manufacturer. Exchangers with dissimilar service can be stacked, but rarely fired equipment, and if possible, they are to be avoided in more than three high, except for fin-tube-type units.
Horizontal clearance of at least mm should be left. Ensure ample room at the firing ftont of the fired heater for between exchangers or between exchangers and piping. Where space is limited, clearance may be reduced between control panel, if required.
Ilottom-floor fired furnaces require adequate headroom lnaintcnance and inspection access. Wall fired furnaces require an. Minimum removal distancc ltlus I lrc l'rr ntacc. Al irlt lr nr ln l lc luatc l laf[o. Peepholes should be. Platforms for access to level gauges and controllers should not provided only where absolutely necessary. Access by means of be provided if underside of supporting steelwork is less than a stepladder is sufficient. Arrange fired heaters on a common center line, wherever.
Adjacent columns should be checked, so that platforms do possible. For layout, 2. Provide unobstructed space for withdrawal. Operation and maintenance platforms should be wide. Allow a mm minimum clearance between column enough to permit a l-m clear walkway. Escape ladders should be provided on large heaters. Provide clearance for the removal of intemal parts and. Vertical heaters usually are supplied with stub supporting feet; ensure drawings show adequate supports elevated to the. The center line of manholes should be mm above any required height.
Headroom elevation from the floor level to the underside of. Horizontal vessels should be located at grade, with the heater should be 2. Consider saving plot space by changing vessels from the horizontal to the vertical, if possible, and combining vessels 1. The size and number of access platforms on horizontal vessels. Circular or segmental platforms with ladders are supported should be kept to a minimum and are not to be provided on from the shell.
The channel end of vessels provided with internal tubular. The withdrawal The factors influencing column elevation are the provision of area must be indicated on studies, general arrangements a gravity flow system and installation of thermosyphon GAs , and plot plans.
Internal agitators or mixers are to be provided with adequate Depending on the plant arrangement, columns may have to clearance for removal. Removal area must be indicated on be elevated to a height in excess of the normal requirements to allow for headroom clearance from lower-level piping off- studies, GAs, and plot plans takes.
The skirt height of all columns or vessels providing suction to l. Access platforms should be provided on columns for all valves fircfighting and the potential value of a storage tank farm in 3" and above, instrument controllers and transmitters, relief providing a buffer area between process plant and, for valves, manholes and blinds or spades, and other components cxample, public roads and houses, for safety and that require periodic attention.
Ideally, all piping within a process area should be run above adequately protected and below the frost line. The sizing and arrangement of underground piping should be Trenched or buried piping should be avoided but, sometimes, fixed early to ensure that installation is simultaneous with is unavoidable.
Pipe racks at higher elevations, using foundation work. Many drains, sewers, and cableways, which supports, are preferred. Pipe racks may contain one, two, or more layers of pipework; line. Leave space for draw boxes on cableways, anchors on short runs. Run piping external to the process area at grade on sleepers Fire mains should be located between the Derimeter road and generally mm high. Pipe ways at grade are cheaper but the Dlant. Locate the largest bore and the heaviest piping as close to 1.
This should be common throughout the plant. Equip- Run the hot line requiring expansion loops on the outside l r 'nt elevations referdng to grade elevations of m are as shown edge of pipe way to permit loops to have greatest width over trr 'l'able Takeoff elevations from pipe ways should be at a constant lable 1-l Access Clearances elevation, consistent with the range of pipe sizes involved.
Change elevation whenever banks of pipes, either on pipe ways at grade or at higher elevations on pipe racks, change direction. Elevations to the underside of pipe racks should be the l'rinrary access roads Nliror access roads 5.
Occasionally, it is permissible to run pipes in trenches to t ll,irrarrcc'fiom face of 2. Manhole center overcome a difficult piping problem. Such trenches should be r, ln tc approx. I m of concrete, drained, and covered. When railway facilities are required, avoid boxing in the plant by branch lines.
Hazardous areas from other existing plants or equipment may Pump Any part None extend over the plant limit. This could effectively reduce plot size and thus influence the plant layout philosophy. Centrifugalcompressors Rotatingparts overhead trolley beams or cranes 1.
Examples are Blanks, blank flanges, Overhead hitching Iurnaces, flare stacks, or other direct-fired equipment containing an and swing elbow point or davit only oPcn flame and rotating or mechanical equipment handling flam- weiShing more than when subiect to nrable or volatile liquids that could easily leak or spill. Equipment han- lbs 12s kg frequent removal for rlling acids or other toxic materials that could cause damage or danger malntenance lry spillage should be grouped and contained within a bunded area.
Ascertain soil-loading considerations and site contours before Location of Control Rooms fixing the final layout. Considerable variations occur in allowable soil loads throughout site areas. If not practicable, the quantity of earth movement due to cut and fill may be reduced rcssurize. Ensure the maximum length of a cable run to any instru- substantially by intelligent positioning of the equipment. Provide a sufficient clear area between critical or high-.
Locate, for example, offices, first-aid rooms, cafetedas, temperature items of equipment. Clear routes for operatols garages, fire station, warehouses, gas holders, and workshops, with two or more escape ladders or exits at extremities.
Clear routes for access by firefighting equipment. Unpressurized substations and switchrooms should be a. Do not allow areas classified as hazardous to overlap the plot minimum of 15 m from any hazard. Stacks should be located so that prevailing winds do not blow Petroleum Safety Codes or, where this is not recognized, the smoke over the plant. Try not to locate the plant where it will applicable national code s.
Local bylaws and fire codes, whose requirements may be more plant. Avoid using locations polluted by continuous drift of dust, precedence. If the plant is to be located in an existing refinery or factory 1. Ihc location of external railways, pipe ways, cableways, constructabilitt operation, safett and maintenance.
Large scwcrs ancl drains, ancl so forth, also may influencc the final itcms of cquipment or towers that require special lifting gear ori 'n tirt ion f t l c r lln I nec l a icquatc access to lift these into place. Large equipment positioned close to boundary limits may Irrsulation require erection from the outside.
Insulation may be applied to vessel supports or stanchions of. Ascertain whether sufficient space will be available at the structures for fire protection, thus decreasing the available construction phase.
Operation and maintenance should be reviewed by the electrical equipment. Give consideration to. In particular, note the thickness of insulation of very high- or maintenance access to air fins and the like above pipe tracks.
Consider the location of equipment requiring frequent attendance by operating personnel and the relative position. For low-temperafure insulation, additional clearance must be of the control room to obtain shortest, most direct routes for provided around control valves, inshumentation, and the like.
Consider the additional weight of insulation and reduced centers of supports necessary to support heavily insulated pipe.
All operating valves 3" and larger are to be accessible either least equal those for primary access roads. The space between edge of from grade or a suitable platform with a maximum 2. Adequate road access with properly formed roads must be. Small operating valves can be reached from a ladder. Valves provided for known maintenance purposes; for example, the installed for maintenance and shutdown purposes other than operating can be reached by portable ladder.
Otherwise, extension spindles or suitable remote operating gear should be provided but not on valves " and smaller. Equipment requiring infrequent maintenance, such as The minimum access to be Drovided is as shown in Table The ground need not be specifically built up to take loads t losed relief valve systems should be aranged to be self-draining and other than a surfacing of granite chips or similar, as ',lr rrrld not contain pockets where liquids may condense and collect duckboards, gratings, or other temporary material can be laid t, r Provide any back pressure.
Apart from process restrictions, position the equipment for Within the process area, minimal concrete paving should be maximum economy of pipework and supporting steel. As supplied for walkways interconnecting maior items of compact a layout as possible with all equipment at grade is equipment, platforms, stairways, and buildings.
Paving should be supplied around pumps or other machinery construction, and safety requirements. Minimize runs of alloy pipework and large-bore pipe without where spillage is likely to occur during normal operation.
Arcas containing alkalis, acids, or other chemicals or toxrc. Space can be saved by locating equipment over the pipe rack. An x'lief valves, thermowells-are listed in Table Preference should be given to use of a single, central pipe way with a minimum number of side branches and equipment llistillation tower PSV pressure safety valve , 1 laid out in rows on either side. Buildings, structures, and groups of equipment should form a PIC pressure indicating controller , 1 neat, slrnmetrical, balanced layout, consistent with keeping FRC flow recording controller , 3 pipe runs to a minimum.
If adiacent to a PI pressure indicator , 6 structure, the common face should be on the structure side. The center lines of exchanger channel nozzles and pump Analyzer single stream , 1 discharge nozzles should be lined up. LG level gauge , 2 Piping around pumps, exchangers, and similar groundJevel LI level indicator , 1 equipment should be run at set elevations, one for north- south and another for east-west elevations wherever possible LIC level indicating controller , 1 similarly, racked pipework.
These elevations being to the It. This also should help achieve a common elevation for LIT level indicating transmitter , 1 off-takes from pipe ways.
PI pressure indicator , 1 If possible, duplicated streams should be made identical. TI temperature indicator , 1 Where possible, handed arrangements should be the second choice.
The PSV pressure safety valve , 1 advantages are design and construction economy, improved 'l'R tcmperature recorder , multipoint, nr:r in l ,r ncc, iln l ol crilt ing cllicicncy. Effi- Spdng opposed ient transference of liquids, from equipment to equipment through Free or closed venting; multiple valve pressure relief; gauge valves with single operation various elevations, is essential for a process plant to function.
The rotation of tlr ' irlpeller blades produces a reduction in pressure at the center of llrt, irnpcller. L-J'N l rmp is installed in the piping system the same way as for an inline [. The fluid is moved by the means of a piston that travels in a cyl- in ler. After being drawn into the cylinder through an inlet valve, the lriston continues moving down the cylinder.
As the piston moves lrirck up the cylinde! These can be obtained in multicylinder lorrn and can be single or double acting. Plunger pumps usually are suction nozzle. The fluid is thrown outward along the blades by a rrsctl for metering or proportioning a fluid.
Frequentlt a variable centrifugal force. The liquid then leaves the blade tips via the pump ,, ccd drive or stroke adjusting mechanism is provided to vary the volute and finally leaves the pump through the discharge nozzle. This llow as desired. Diaphragm pumps are invariably air driven and very transference of the liquid is completed in a smooth, nonpulsating nrl act, also no seals or packing is exposed to the liquid being flow.
These o[len are used for sump pump oul. A horizontal drive shaft with the pump drive mounted. These A vertical drive shaft with pump and drive mounted inJine , rrrploy rncchanical means such as gear, cam, and screw, to move the with thc piping.
Gear A vcrtical l arrcl tyl c with dircct intmcrsion :iuction facility, lrrrrnps rrsrrally arc cmployed to pulrp oils and nonabrasive fluids. API Standard The three most common types of driver are the electric motor, diesel. Each option has advantages and disadvan- o API Standard Electric motors are the most common pump driver and are of the totally Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Petrochemical and enclosed, flameproof t?
Thefu sizes range from Natural Gas lndustries small to very large, which require their own cooling systems. Scope 2. Clause 8 2. Steam turbines used for pump drivers usually are single stage, and the All other clauses of the international standard are applicable to all pump that they drive is invariably for standby service spare. Illustrations are provided of specific pump types and the l 'signations assigned to each one.
This international standard is not 2. Gas turbines are considered if a local source of fuel is a readily ,rble of Contents available. Numerous international codes and standards apply to the various z.
Normative References. Terms and Definitions. Classification and Designation. The design and specifying of these specialized items of equipment 4. Pump Designations. Units and Governing Requirements. L ;grcla l.
Al'l Slirr lil l l I'r 'ssuf ' lirsinl. Nozzles and Pressure Casing Connections. Annex E Informative. Inspector's Checklist. External Nozzle Forces and Moments. Annex F Normative. Annex G lnformative. Materials Class Selection Guidance.
Wear Rings and Running Clearances. Annex H Normative. Materials and Material Specifications for 5. Mechanical Shaft Seals. Pump Parts. D 'namics' Annex I Normative. Lateral Analysis. Bearings and Bearing Housings. Annex J Normative. Determination of Residual Unbalance. Annex K Normative. Seal Chamber Runout lllustrations. Annex L Informative. Vendor Drawing and Data Requirements. Nameplates and Rotation Arrows.
Annex M Informative. Test Data Summary. Annex N Informative. Pump Datasheets. Couplings and Guards. Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry Services 6. Piping and Appurtenances. Scope 6. Special Tools. Inspection, Testing, and Preparation for Shipment. This standard is intended prima- 7. Gear sets furnished to this standard should be considered 7. Preparation for Shipment. Specific Pump Tlpes. Table of Contents 8. Single-Stage Overhung Pumps.
Vendor's data. Altemative Designs. Conflicting Requirements. Definition of Terms. Contract Data. Reference lublications. Annex A lnformative. Specific Speed and Suction-Specific Speed. Annex B Normative. Cooling Water and Lubdcation System 1. Units of Measure. Basic Design. Hydraulic Power Recovery Turbines. Alrncx I Norrnativc. Standar l llascplatcs. Rating Comparison API vs. AGMA Appendix K. Shaft End Sizing Method. Gear Elements. Appendix L.
Typical Mounting Plates. Lubrication, Shaft-Sealing, and 2. Control-Oil Systems and Auxiliaries for Petroleum, 2. Chemical and Gas Industry Services 2. Scope 3. Coupiings and Guards. Mounting Plates. General-purpose applications are limited to lubrication systems.
Controls and Instrumentation. This standard does not apply to internal combus- llon engines. This interflational standard is intended to be used for services in 4. This standard is separated into four distinct chaptets.
Vendor's Data. Referenced Publications. Appendix A. Alternative Designs. Appendix B. Appendix C. Couplings for High Speed Gear Units. System Selection. Appendix D. Appendix E. Material Specifications for Special Purpose Gear 5. Oil Piping. Units Page. Instrumen t Piping. Appendix F. Process Piping. Appendix G. Residual Unbalance Work Sheets. Intercoolers and Aftercoolers. Appcnclix H. Gear Inspection lnformative. Instlume ntation, Control, and Electrical Svstems.
Al pcn lix L lnsl cctot's lhccklist. Instrument Installation. Alarms and Shutdowns. Eleclrical Systems. General Design Specifications. Component Temperature Ranges. Scope of Supply and Responsibility. Reference List of U. Vendor Drawing and Data Requirements 5. Accelerometer-Based Casing Transducers. T 'pical Responsibility Matrix Worksheet 5. Monitor Systems. Wiring and Conduits. Data Sheets Informative. Fieldlnstalled Instruments. Filter Ratings and Cleanliness Standards Informative.
Transducer and Sensor Arrangements. Piping Symbols Informative. Machinery Protection Systems 6. Identification of Transducers and Tempelature Sensors.
Scope 7. This standard covers the minimum requirements for a machinery 7. It covers requirements for hard- ware transducer and monitor systems , installation, documentation, 7. Mechanical Running Test. Field Testing. Machinery Protection System Data Sheets. Power End Running Gear. Typlcal Responsibility Matrix Worksheet. Gas End. Direct-Acting Pump. Accelerometer Application Considerations. Signal Cable. Gearbox Casing Vibration Considerations. Field Testing and Documentation Requirements.
Contract Drawing and Data Requirements. Appendix H. Typical System Affangement Plans. Appendix I. Setpoint Multiplier Considerations. Appendix J. Electronic Overspeed Detection System 3. Positive Displacement 3. Pumps-Reciprocating 3. This standard covers the minimum requitements for reciprocating 4.
Both direct-acting and power-frame 4. See API Standard for controlled-volume 4. Table of Contents 1. Reciprocating Pump Data Sheets. Materials and Material Specifications for Maior 1. Component Parts. APpendix D. Selection of 'Ilpes. Al pendix E. Pulsation Control Techniques. Al l cndix -i. Pumps-Controlled Volume 3. This standard covers the minimum requirements for controlled- 3. Pulsation Suppression Devices. Both packed-plunger and dia- 4. Diaphragm pumps that use direct mechanical actuation are excluded.
See API Standard for rcclpro- 4. Table of Contents 4. Vendor's Data 1. ContTact Data. Controlled Volume Pump Data Sheets. Miscellaneous Materials. Unit Conversion. Pressure-Containing Parts. Liquid End Connections. Pump Check Valves. Packed Plungers. Manufacturing, Distribution and Marketing Department 2. Relief Valve Application. I lris standard covers the minimum requirements for rotary positive 2. See API Standard for controlled volume pumps and 2. Drive Bearings. Capacity Adiustment.
Definition of 'lerms. General-Purpose Gear Units for 2. Petroleum, Chemical and Cas Industry Services 2. Pressure Casings. External Forces and Moments. Rotating Elements. Gears manufactured according to this standard are 2. Mechanical Seals and Conventional packing. Spiral bevel gear sets should be considered 2. Table of Contents 3. Relief Valves. Inspection, Testing, and Preparation for Shipping. Shaft Assembly Designation.
Shaft Rotation. Con t"ract Data. D 'namics' Appendix A. Tlpical Data Sheets. Matedal Specifications for Major Component parts 2. Nameplates and Rotation Anows. Rotary Pump Vendor Drawing and Data Requirements versus Net Positive Inlet pressure. Net Positive Suction Head. Mounting l'latcs. This international standard also is applicable to seal spare parts 3. Scope 5.
Refer to Appendix U for application information. Single-stage pumps of two classifications, magnetic drive pumps irrrcl canned motor pumps, are covered by this standard. Sections 2 Appendix A. General-Purpose Gear Data Sheets. Section 9 is divided into two subsections and covers require- Typical Rotor. For process services not exceeding any of the following limits, Appendix C. Vendor Drawing and Data Requitements.
Maximum discharge pressure, kPa psig. Maximum suction pressure, kPa 25 psig. Referenced Specifications. Maximum pumping temperature, "C "F. Requirements for Inspection. Maximum rated total head, m ft. Residual Unbalance Worksheets. Maximum impeller diameter, mm This international standard specifies requirements and gives recom. It is applicablc 4. Unit Responsibility. It covers seals for pump shaft diametcrs 5. Statutorv llco r. Referenced Publications and International 5.
Sealless Pump Data Sheets. Cdtical Design and Application Considerations. Circulation and Piping Schematics. Instrumentation and Protective Systems. Nozzle and Pressure Casing Connections. Criteria for Piping Design. Extemal Nozzles Forces and Moments. Material Class Selection Guide.
Rotor Appendix H. Materials and Material Specifications for Centrifugal 6. Magnet Materials for Magnetic Couplings. Dynamics Appendix J. Procedure for Determination of Residual Unbalance. Pressure Temperature Profiles in the Recirculation Circuit. Baseplate and Soleplate Grouting. Low Temperature.
Appendix M. Standard Baseplate. Appendix N. Appendix O. Appendix P. Purchaser's Checklist. Instrumentation and Controls. Appendix Q. Standard Electronic Data Exchange File 7. Appendix R. Metric to U. Units Conversion Factors. Inspection, Testing and Preparation for Shipment. Appendix S. Withdrawn Summary. Appendix U. Application Information. The following are based on the guidelines from several opera- 9. Specific Pump Sections. The pump manufacturer also 9. Magnetic Drive Pumps. Canned Motor Pumps.
Ocntrifugal puml s must havc thcir suction lines flooded at all IO. Therefore, suction lines Suction piping usually is one or two line sizes larger than the pump should fall continuously from a sufficient height from suction nozzle size.
Suction piping more than two sizes larger should overhead source to the pump and be adequately vented to Irc queried with the Process Department. For example, a 10" suction minimize the presence of vapor. This is critical for efficient pump operation and must not be reduced. See Figue 2 2. Centrifugal pumps are supplied with suction nozzles on the end of the pump casing, axially in line with the impeller shaft; however, they also are on the top or side of the pump casrng.
Usually, pumps are specified with end or top suction for general services. Side-suction pumps, with side discharge, frequently are selected for large-volume water duty. Also side suction-side discharge pumps can be obtained in multistage form for higher pressure differentials. These pumps tend to become very long, so if plot space is tight, consideration should be given to purchasing the pump in a vertical form with a sump at grade. See Figure
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