El Calendario Haab era uno de los 17 calendarios usados por los mayas como un calendario civil. La segunda ronda nos ayuda a limpiar viejas heridas del pasado o restaurar lo que se ha perdido al ir creciendo. Agenda tu lectura de Castillo del Destino! Footer Estemos en Contacto! Recibe las Ondas Encantadas y novedades de productos, viajes y eventos. As a calendar for keeping track of the seasons, the Haab' was a bit inaccurate, since it treated the year as having exactly days, and ignored the extra quarter day approximately in the actual tropical year.
This meant that the seasons moved with respect to the calendar year by a quarter day each year, so that the calendar months named after particular seasons no longer corresponded to these seasons after a few centuries. The Haab' is equivalent to the wandering day year of the ancient Egyptians. Wayeb' The five nameless days at the end of the calendar, called Wayeb', were thought to be a dangerous time.
Foster writes,. No boundaries prevented the ill-intending deities from causing disasters. To ward off these evil spirits, the Maya had customs and rituals they practiced during Wayeb'. For example, people avoided leaving their houses or washing or combing their hair.
Calendar Round Neither the Tzolk'in nor the Haab' system numbered the years. The combination of a Tzolk'in date and a Haab' date was enough to identify a date to most people's satisfaction, as such a combination did not occur again for another 52 years, above general life expectancy.
Because the two calendars were based on days and days respectively, the whole cycle would repeat itself every 52 Haab' years exactly. This period was known as a Calendar Round. The end of the Calendar Round was a period of unrest and bad luck among the Maya, as they waited in expectation to see if the gods would grant them another cycle of 52 years.
Long Count. The left column gives a Long Count date of 8. The two right columns are glyphs from the Epi-Olmec script. Since Calendar Round dates can only distinguish in 18, days, equivalent to around 52 solar years, the cycle repeats roughly once each lifetime, and thus, a more refined method of dating was needed if history was to be recorded accurately.
To measure dates, therefore, over periods longer than 52 years, Mesoamericans devised the Long Count calendar. The Maya name for a day was k'in. Twenty of these k'ins are known as a winal or uinal.
Eighteen winals make one tun. Twenty tuns are known as a k'atun. Twenty k'atuns make a b'ak'tun. The Long Count calendar identifies a date by counting the number of days from the Mayan creation date 4 Ahaw, 8 Kumk'u August 11, BC in the proleptic Gregorian calendar or September 6 in the Julian calendar.
But instead of using a base decimal scheme like Western numbering, the Long Count days were tallied in a modified base scheme. Thus 0. As the winal unit resets after only counting to 18, the Long Count consistently uses base only if the tun is considered the primary unit of measurement, not the k'in; with the k'in and winal units being the number of days in the tun.
The Long Count 0. Table of Long Count units. There are also four rarely used higher-order cycles: piktun, kalabtun, k'inchiltun, and alautun. Since the Long Count dates are unambiguous, the Long Count was particularly well suited to use on monuments. The monumental inscriptions would not only include the 5 digits of the Long Count, but would also include the two tzolk'in characters followed by the two haab' characters.
Misinterpretation of the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar is the basis for a New Age belief that a cataclysm will take place on December 21, December 21, is simply the last day of the 13th b'ak'tun. But that is not the end of the Long Count because the 14 th through 20 th b'ak'tuns are still to come.
She considers the portrayal of December as a doomsday or cosmic-shift event to be,. The science fiction apocalyptic disaster film is based on this belief. Supplementary series Many classic period inscriptions include a supplementary series. The supplementary series was deciphered by John E. Teeple A supplementary series consists of the following:. Nine lords of the night Each night was ruled by one of the nine lords of the underworld. This nine day cycle was usually written as two glyphs: a glyph that referred to the Nine Lords as a group, followed by a glyph for the lord that would rule the next night.
Lunar series A lunar Series generally is written as five glyphs that provide information about the current lunation, the number of the lunation in a series of six, the current ruling lunar deity and the length of the current lunation. Moon age The maya counted the number of days in the current lunation. They started with zero on the first night that they saw the thin crescent moon. Lunation number and lunar deity The Maya counted the lunation in a cycle of six, numbered zero through 5.
Each one was ruled by one of the six Lunar Deities. This was written as two glyphs: a glyph for the completed lunation in the lunar count with a coefficient of 0 through 5 and a glyph for one of the six lunar deities that ruled the current lunation. Teeple found that Quirigua Stela E 9. It's an interesting date because it was a Ka'tun completion and a solar eclipse was visible in the Maya area two days later on the first unlucky day of Wayeb'.
Lunation length The length of the lunar month is The maya wrote whether the lunar month was 29 or 30 days as two glyphs: a glyph for lunation length followed by either a glyph made up of a moon glyph over a bundle with a suffix of 19 for a 29 day lunation or a moon glyph with a suffix of 10 for a 30 day lunation.
Venus cycle Another important calendar for the Maya was the Venus cycle. The Maya were skilled astronomers, and could calculate the Venus cycle with extreme accuracy. There are six pages in the Dresden Codex one of the Maya codices devoted to the accurate calculation of the heliacal rising of Venus. The Maya were able to achieve such accuracy by careful observation over many years. There are various theories as to why Venus cycle was especially important for the Maya, including the belief that it was associated with war and used it to divine good times called electional astrology for coronations and war.
Maya rulers planned for wars to begin when Venus rose. See entry on Itzamna, in Miller and Taube , pp. Guatemala City: Instituto Indigenista Nacional. Refer citation in Kettunen and Hemke for details and notes on adoption among the Mayanist community. Miller and Taube , p.
Finley , Voss , p. Coe , Miller and Taube Miller and Taube , pp. Classic-era reconstructions are as per Kettunen and Helmke , pp. Kettunen and Helmke , pp. Boot , pp. Aveni, Anthony F. Skywatchers originally published as: Skywatchers of Ancient Mexico [], revised and updated ed. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN OCLC Boot, Erik PDF. Retrieved Bricker, Victoria R. February ISSN Coe, Michael D. The Maya 4th revised ed. ISBN X. Breaking the Maya Code.
Finley, Michael Maya Astronomy. Foster, Lynn V. Handbook to Life in the Ancient Maya World. New York: Facts on File. Ivanoff, Pierre Elaine P. Halperin trans. New York: Delacorte Press. Jacobs, James Q.
Mesoamerican Web Ring. Jones, Christopher Deciphering Maya Hieroglyphs. Carl P. Beetz illus. Philadelphia: University Museum, University of Pennsylvania. Leiden, Netherlands: Wayeb and Leiden University. MacDonald, G. Jeffrey 27 March Miller, Mary; and Karl Taube London: Thames and Hudson. Robinson, Andrew Schele, Linda; and David Freidel New York: Harper Perennial.
Tedlock, Barbara Time and the Highland Maya. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. Tedlock, Dennis notes, trans. Thomas, Cyrus Powell ed.
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